Role of the Supreme Court of India:
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial authority in the country. It plays a vital role in interpreting the Constitution, safeguarding the fundamental rights of citizens, and ensuring the rule of law. The main functions and responsibilities of the Supreme Court of India include:
- Constitutional Interpretation:
The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, which allows it to interpret the provisions of the Constitution and determine the constitutionality of laws and government actions. It ensures that laws and government actions are in line with the provisions of the Constitution and do not violate fundamental rights. - Guardian of the Constitution:
The Supreme Court acts as the guardian of the Constitution and ensures the protection of fundamental rights. It has the authority to strike down any law or government action that is found to be unconstitutional or violative of fundamental rights. - Appellate Jurisdiction:
The Supreme Court is the final court of appeal and has the power to hear appeals in civil, criminal, and constitutional matters. It hears appeals from the High Courts and other lower courts in the country. It has the power to review and modify judgments of lower courts to ensure justice is served. - Protection of Fundamental Rights:
The Supreme Court has the responsibility of protecting the fundamental rights of citizens. It can entertain writ petitions filed by individuals seeking remedies for the violation of their fundamental rights. It also has the power to issue writs, such as habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari, and quo warranto, for the enforcement of fundamental rights. - Judicial Activism:
The Supreme Court of India has been known for its proactive approach in addressing social and public interest issues. It has taken suo moto cognizance of various matters of public importance and has played a significant role in shaping social, political, and economic policies through its judgments. - Judicial Review:
The Supreme Court exercises the power of judicial review over legislative and executive actions. It ensures that laws and government actions are in conformity with the Constitution and do not exceed the powers granted to the respective branches of government.
The Supreme Court of India is essential for upholding the rule of law, protecting the rights and liberties of citizens, and maintaining the balance of power among the different branches of government.