Many strong legal cases fail not because of weak facts, but because they are filed too late. The Limitation Act, 1963 sets strict time limits for filing different types of legal actions in India.
What Is Limitation Period?
Limitation period is the legally prescribed time within which a case must be filed. Once this period expires, courts generally refuse to entertain the matter.
Why Does Limitation Law Exist?
Limitation law ensures:
• Timely justice
• Certainty in legal relations
• Prevention of stale claims
• Judicial efficiency
Law favors the vigilant, not the dormant.
Common Limitation Periods
• Money recovery suits – 3 years
• Property possession suits – 12 years
• Cheque bounce cases – strict statutory timelines
• Consumer complaints – 2 years
• Appeals – varies by court
These periods start from the cause of action, not from awareness.
What Happens If Limitation Is Missed?
If limitation expires:
• Case may be dismissed at threshold
• Merits may never be examined
• Opposite party gains legal advantage
Courts are strict on limitation compliance.
Can Delay Be Condoned?
Yes, but only if:
• Sufficient cause is shown
• Delay is properly explained
• Court is satisfied
Condonation is discretionary, not automatic.
Limitation in Criminal Cases
Serious criminal offences usually have no limitation, while minor offences may have time limits.
Common Mistakes People Make
• Waiting for settlement too long
• Relying on verbal assurances
• Miscalculating start date
• Assuming courts will forgive delay
How Online Legal Advice Helps
Online legal consultation helps calculate limitation accurately before filing any case.
Conclusion
Limitation law can make or break a case. Acting within time is as important as having strong legal grounds.