Here’s a step-by-step explanation of how domain name registrars are regulated:
- ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers):
- ICANN is a non-profit organization responsible for coordinating and managing the global Domain Name System (DNS).
- It establishes and enforces policies related to domain name registration and management.
2. Accreditation:
- To become a domain name registrar, a company must first be accredited by ICANN.
- Accreditation involves meeting specific criteria and requirements set by ICANN to ensure the registrar has the technical and operational capabilities to manage domain names.
3. Agreements with ICANN:
- Accredited registrars must enter into agreements with ICANN, such as the Registrar Accreditation Agreement (RAA).
- These agreements outline the terms and conditions that registrars must adhere to, including rules for domain registration, renewal, and transfer.
4. Compliance and Audits:
- Registrars are subject to compliance checks and periodic audits by ICANN to ensure they continue to meet the accreditation requirements and adhere to the agreements.
- Non-compliance with ICANN’s rules can result in penalties, suspension, or even termination of the registrar’s accreditation.
5. Consumer Protections:
- ICANN requires registrars to implement certain consumer protection measures, such as providing accurate and transparent information to domain registrants.
- Registrars must also have mechanisms in place to handle complaints and disputes related to domain registration.
6. WHOIS Database:
- Registrars are required to maintain and provide access to a WHOIS database containing information about domain registrants.
- This information helps in identifying and contacting domain owners and is crucial for resolving issues related to domain ownership.
7. Uniform Domain-Name Dispute-Resolution Policy (UDRP):
- ICANN has established the UDRP, which provides a process for resolving disputes over the ownership of domain names.
- Registrars must incorporate the UDRP into their registration agreements and participate in dispute resolution processes when necessary.
8. Registry-Registrar Agreements:
- Registrars must also enter into agreements with domain registries (entities that manage specific top-level domains, like .com or .org).
- These agreements specify the terms for the registration and management of domain names within a particular top-level domain.
9. Legal and Regulatory Compliance:
- Registrars are required to comply with local and international laws related to domain registration and internet governance.
10. Continuous Monitoring:
- ICANN and other relevant bodies continuously monitor the activities of registrars to ensure ongoing compliance with regulations and policies.
By following these steps and adhering to the established regulations, domain name registrars contribute to a stable and secure global domain name system. Compliance with these regulations helps ensure fair competition, protect consumers, and maintain the overall integrity of the internet infrastructure.