Receiving a call from the police can be stressful, especially when no FIR has been registered. Many people assume that a police call automatically means they are accused of a crime. This assumption is incorrect. Indian law clearly distinguishes between enquiry, investigation, and arrest.
Can Police Call a Person Without an FIR?
Yes. Police are legally allowed to call a person for preliminary enquiry even when no FIR has been registered. Such calls are often made to:
• Verify facts
• Record preliminary information
• Understand both sides of a dispute
• Decide whether an FIR is required
A police call alone does not imply criminal guilt.
Difference Between Enquiry and Investigation
An enquiry is a fact-finding exercise conducted before FIR registration.
An investigation begins only after an FIR is registered.
During enquiry:
• You are not an accused
• Arrest is not automatic
• Police powers are limited
Are You Legally Bound to Visit the Police Station?
If the call is informal, you are not legally bound. However, ignoring repeated calls may escalate the matter. If a written notice is issued, compliance is advisable.
Your Rights During Police Enquiry
You have the right to:
• Know the reason for the enquiry
• Remain silent on self-incriminating questions
• Seek legal advice before appearing
• Avoid signing blank papers
Police cannot force confessions during enquiry.
Can Police Arrest You Without FIR?
Arrest without FIR is extremely limited and allowed only in exceptional circumstances involving immediate threats or serious offences. Routine disputes do not justify arrest without FIR.
Common Situations Where Police Make Enquiry Calls
• Family disputes
• Business disagreements
• Neighbourhood complaints
• Cyber complaints at initial stage
How Online Legal Consultation Helps
Online legal advice helps assess whether a police call is routine or requires legal protection, preventing unnecessary panic.
Conclusion
A police call without FIR is not an accusation. Understanding your rights helps you cooperate lawfully while protecting yourself from misuse of authority.