A First Information Report (FIR) is the starting point of criminal proceedings in India. Many people panic when an FIR is filed, but understanding the legal process helps protect rights and avoid unnecessary harassment.
What Is an FIR?
An FIR is a written document prepared by police when they receive information about a cognizable offence. It is governed by Section 154 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC).
When Is FIR Mandatory?
Police must register an FIR when:
- The offence is cognizable
- Information discloses commission of a crime
- The complainant provides basic details
Police refusal can be challenged legally.
How to File an FIR
An FIR can be filed by:
- Visiting the police station
- Giving written or oral information
- Filing online FIR (in select states)
The complainant has the right to receive a copy free of cost.
What If Police Refuse to File FIR?
If police refuse:
- Approach Superintendent of Police
- File complaint under Section 156(3) CrPC
- Approach Magistrate
Courts take refusal seriously.
How to Cancel or Quash an FIR
An FIR can be:
- Closed by police after investigation
- Quashed by High Court under Section 482 CrPC
- Settled through compromise (in certain cases)
Not all FIRs can be cancelled.
Challenging a False FIR
False FIRs can be challenged if:
- Filed with malicious intent
- Facts are fabricated
- No offence is made out
Legal assistance is essential here.
Online Legal Consultation for FIR Matters
Online criminal lawyers help review FIRs, guide on quashing, anticipatory bail, and legal remedies quickly.
Conclusion
An FIR does not mean guilt. Knowing legal rights and remedies ensures protection against misuse of criminal law.